![]() During this ten-year period, about 10,000 Scots traveled to Australia under either the government or colonial bounty systems. By 1830 15% of the British colonies' total population were Scots, which increased by the middle of the century to 25,000, or 20-25% of the total population.īetween 18, Australia benefited from “assisted emigrants,” largely working-class people whose passage was subsidized or paid for through one of the several schemes which operated between New South Wales and Great Britain. In fact, three of the Deputy Commissaries-General (the highest rank in the colony) from 1813 to 1835 were also Scots: David Allan, William Lithgow, and Stewart Ryrie. Other residents of Australia were soldiers that included the 73rd Regiment, the Royal North British Fusiliers, and the King's Own Scottish Borderers. They chose to emigrate willingly due to the Scottish economic recessions of the 1820s. In later years, many of the non-convict “free settlers” were Lowlanders from prominent wealthy families who were drawn to Australia by the prospects of trade. ![]() ![]() These Scots were a broad cross-section of Scotland's working classes and brought a range of useful skills. The 8,207 Scottish convicts were about 5% of the total prisoner population of about 150,000. The majority of Scots arriving between 17 were convicts. This included Ann Forbes, the first Forbes in Australia, who was convicted for 7-year prison term. The ships arrived at Botany Bay between 18 and 20 January 1788. The British government gave orders that authorized him to make regulations and land grants in the colony. In December 1785, the government issued Orders in Council to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay in New South Wales.Ĭommodore Arthur Phillip commanded the so-called “First Fleet” of convicts. However, the conclusion of the American War of Independence in 1783 forced Great Britain to look elsewhere. British convicts were originally transported to the British colonies in North America. Virtually ignored for about 15 years, the land was later proposed as a penal colony. On the ship HMS Endeavour, Cook charted the east coast of Australia and made the first landfall at Botany Bay on 29 April 1770. Lieutenant James Cook, son of a Scottish ploughman, commanded the first British expedition to Australia. This is the fourth most commonly reported ancestry in Australia. As a result, 2,023,474 Australians in 2016 (8.6% of the total population) claimed some Scottish ancestry. While Australia was used as a British penal colony starting in 1788, thousands of Scots also emigrated to Australia for financial reasons. The House of Forbes has made an impact all over the world, from their native land of Scotland, to Ireland, to the Scandinavian countries, to the Americas, and even to “down under” in Australia and New Zealand. Western Australia: Passenger Lists and Immigration Records South Australian Shipping & Immigration - Passenger Lists South Australian Maritime Museum: Passengers in History Passengers in History, South Australia Maritime Museum Database, index. National Library of Scotland: Emigration and passenger lists Ireland-Australia transportation database, National Archives of Ireland ![]() Australia - Emigration and Immigration Online RecordsĪustralia, Victoria Coastal Passenger Lists, 1852-1924, imagesĬonvict transportation registers database
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